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Biological control is first recorded around 300 AD in China, when colonies of weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina, were intentionally placed in citrus plantations to control beetles and caterpillars.5 Also in China, ducks were utilized in paddy fields to consume insects, as exemplified in ancient cave art. In 1762an Indian mynah was introduced to Mauritius to control locusts, and about precisely the same time, citrus trees in Burma were connected with bamboos to allow ants to maneuver between them and help control caterpillars.
Biological pest control is a way of controlling pests such as insects and fleas by using other organisms.8 It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory or other natural mechanisms, but normally also involves an active human management role. Classical biological control involves the introduction of natural enemies of the pest that are bred in the laboratory and introduced into the environment.
The released organism will strain and survive, and supply long-term control.9 Biological control can be an important component of an integrated pest management programme. .
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For instance: mosquitoes are often controlled by putting Bt Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Israelensis, a bacterium which infects and kills mosquito larvae, in local water resources.10
Mechanical pest control is using hands-on techniques as well as simple equipment and devices, that offers a protective barrier between plants and insects. This is referred to as tillage and is one of the earliest methods of weed control in addition to being useful for pest control; wireworms, the larvae of the common click beetle, are very destructive pests of newly ploughed grassland, and perennial cultivation exposes them to the birds and other predators that feed on them.11.
Crop rotation can help control pests by depriving them of the host plants. It's a major strategy in the control of corn rootworm, and has reduced early season incidence of Colorado potato beetle by as much as 95%.12
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A trap crop is a crop of a plant that attracts pests, diverting them from nearby crops.13 Pests aggregated on the trap crop can be easily controlled using pesticides or alternative methods.14 However, trap-cropping, on its own, has often neglected to price effectively reduce insect densities on large industrial scales, without using pesticides, possibly due to the pests' ability to spread back into the main area.14.
Pesticides are applied to crops by agricultural aircraft, tractor-mounted crop sprayers or as seed dressings to control pests. However, successful control by pesticides is not easy; the right formulation has to be chosen, the timing is often crucial, the procedure of application is important, sufficient protection and retention on the harvest are necessary.
This is very important in countries where there are natural reservoirs of pests and their enemies in the countryside surrounding plantation crops, and these co-exist in a delicate balance. Often in less-developed countries, the crops are well adapted to the local situation and no pesticides are needed. Where progressive farmers are using fertilisers to grow improved crop varieties, these are often more susceptible to pest damage, but the indiscriminate application of pesticides may be detrimental in the longer browse around this web-site term.15.
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The efficacy of chemical pesticides tends to diminish over time. That is because any organism which manages to survive the initial application will pass on its genes to its offspring and a resistant strain will be developed. termite control in adelaide In this manner, some of the most serious pests have developed resistance and therefore are no longer killed by pesticides which used to kill their ancestors.
